Net working capital is the value calculated as the difference between current assets and short-term liabilities of the company.
Current assets are those assets of the company that the company plans to use over the next year – turn into money (for example, sell) or into expenses (for example, write off to cost).
Inventories are inventory items owned by a company. Inventories include, for example, raw materials and materials that the organization plans to process during the production process to obtain finished products (finished products are also included in inventories). In addition, stocks may include tools, office equipment, utensils, office furniture, stationery, etc.
It should be emphasized that inventories are reflected in the balance sheet net of depreciation (reserve for depreciation of material assets). This depreciation is relevant in cases where, for some reason, inventory has become unusable and lost its value.
Short-term receivables are the debt of counterparties to this organization, which is planned to be repaid within a year. Examples of short-term accounts receivable are buyers’ debts for delivered products or suppliers’ debts for advances paid in their favor.
Short-term financial investments are cash placed in deposits, securities and other financial instruments that are planned to be withdrawn from these instruments to the company’s accounts during the year. The second part of net working capital is current liabilities, which are liabilities that must be settled in less than 12 months.
Short-term liabilities can be divided into several categories
Short-term loans and borrowings are funds borrowed from financial institutions (credits) or from other organizations and individuals (loans). This category of liabilities, along with long-term loans and borrowings, constitutes the company’s financial debt.
Short-term accounts payable are obligations to counterparties that are payable by this organization during the year.
